1904.31 Covered Employees: citations, penalties and recently cited employers
Data as of October 5, 2026 · citations issued Oct 5, 2025 to Oct 5, 2026
This section defines whose injuries and illnesses an employer must record. Employers must record cases for all employees on their payroll, whether hourly, salaried, seasonal, or part-time, and for temporary or leased workers they supervise on a day-to-day basis. Self-employed individuals and partners are excluded, and the host employer rather than the staffing agency usually records cases for supervised temporary workers.
What the standard requires
- Record cases for all payroll employees regardless of pay type or schedule
- Record cases for temporary workers the employer supervises daily
- Coordinate with staffing agencies to avoid duplicate or missed entries
Hazards it addresses
- Unrecorded injuries among temporary and leased workers
- Gaps in data for seasonal workforces
Often cited at host employers using temporary labor, including warehousing, food processing, and manufacturing.
Plain-language summary written for this site; it is not the regulatory text and not legal advice. Read the official text at eCFR.
Citations by month
Inspections with citations issued, by month of issuance. Hatched months are incomplete: citations reach the public data about a month after issuance.
Most-cited paragraphs
| Paragraph | What it covers | Items | Inspections | Median initial penalty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1904.31(a) | Employer must record injuries and illnesses of all employees on its payroll. | 17 | 17 | $0 |
| 1904.31(b)(2) | Employer must record cases of employees not on payroll whom it supervises day to day, such as temporary workers. | 2 | 2 | $1,302 |
Penalties
Across 19 alleged items, OSHA and state-plan offices proposed $8,136 in initial penalties. The current total in the public data is $5,606, 31% lower after settlements, contests and amendments.
By violation type: Other-than-serious 68%; Serious 32%.
Citations by state
| State | Inspections cited | Items | Initial penalties | Current penalties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. Virgin Islands | 11 | 11 | $0 | $0 |
| Virginia | 2 | 2 | $0 | $0 |
| Kentucky | 1 | 1 | $3,500 | $2,100 |
| North Carolina | 1 | 1 | $2,000 | $1,400 |
| Oklahoma | 1 | 1 | $709 | $709 |
| Texas | 1 | 1 | $1,324 | $794 |
| Vermont | 1 | 1 | $0 | $0 |
| Wisconsin | 1 | 1 | $603 | $603 |
By industry
- Public administration: 9 inspections
- Construction: 3 inspections
- Manufacturing: 3 inspections
- Educational services: 2 inspections
- Health care & social assistance: 1 inspections
- Wholesale trade: 1 inspections
Recently cited establishments
About these records. Citations list alleged violations and proposed penalties. Employers can contest them, and many are reduced or withdrawn in settlement. Each row shows the original and the current penalty and a status label derived from the public data as of October 5, 2026. Check the linked osha.gov page for the official record.
| Establishment | Location | Issued | Alleged items | Initial penalty | Current penalty | Status and deadlines | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legacy Signs of Texas | Denton, TX | May 28, 2026 | 1 | $1,324 | $794 | Informal settlementAbatement due Jun 26, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Breg Oil Sponge International, Inc. | Fredericksburg, VA | Apr 1, 2026 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Informal settlementAbatement due Apr 21, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Virginia Department of Corrections, Greensville Correctional Center | Jarratt, VA | Mar 30, 2026 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due May 14, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Casteneda Framing, LLC | Edmond, OK | Mar 19, 2026 | 1 | $709 | $709 | Final orderAbatement due Apr 14, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Education | Kingshill, VI | Mar 9, 2026 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Apr 23, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Education | Charlotte Amalie, VI | Feb 24, 2026 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Apr 10, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Health | Charlotte Amalie, VI | Feb 17, 2026 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Apr 3, 2026 | osha.gov |
| White Ridge Construction LLC | Burlington, VT | Dec 12, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Informal settlementAbatement due Dec 18, 2025 | osha.gov |
| Johnson Controls Fire Protection LP | Louisville, KY | Dec 9, 2025 | 1 | $3,500 | $2,100 | Informal settlementAbatement due Dec 29, 2025 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Planning and Natural Resources | Frederiksted, VI | Nov 24, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Apr 2, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Hardscape Construction, Inc. | Eau Claire, WI | Nov 21, 2025 | 1 | $603 | $603 | Final orderAbatement due Dec 15, 2025 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Human Services | St John, VI | Nov 13, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Dec 30, 2025 | osha.gov |
| Roy L. Schneider Hospital | Charlotte Amalie, VI | Nov 10, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Mar 19, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Education | Charlotte Amalie, VI | Oct 29, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Dec 1, 2025 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Public Works | Christiansted, VI | Oct 29, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Jan 26, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Health | Christiansted, VI | Oct 29, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Jan 26, 2026 | osha.gov |
| VI Department of Education | Frederiksted, VI | Oct 21, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Jan 16, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Department of Public Works | St Croix, VI | Oct 17, 2025 | 1 | $0 | $0 | Final orderAbatement due Jan 14, 2026 | osha.gov |
| Galvan Industries Inc. | Harrisburg, NC | Oct 9, 2025 | 1 | $2,000 | $1,400 | Informal settlementAbatement due Oct 13, 2025 | osha.gov |
Often cited together
- 1910.141 Sanitation (7 shared inspections)
- 1910.157 Fire Extinguishers (5 shared inspections)
- 1903.2 OSHA Poster Requirement (4 shared inspections)
- 1910.22 Walking-Working Surfaces (3 shared inspections)
- 1910.176 Materials Handling (2 shared inspections)
- 1910.178 Forklifts (2 shared inspections)
- 1910.305 Wiring Methods (1 shared inspections)
- 1910.36 Exit Route Design (1 shared inspections)
Questions
What does OSHA standard 1904.31 require?
This section defines whose injuries and illnesses an employer must record. Employers must record cases for all employees on their payroll, whether hourly, salaried, seasonal, or part-time, and for temporary or leased workers they supervise on a day-to-day basis. Self-employed individuals and partners are excluded, and the host employer rather than the staffing agency usually records cases for supervised temporary workers.
How often was 1904.31 cited in the last 12 months?
In the public data as of October 5, 2026, 1904.31 (Covered Employees) appeared in 19 inspections with citations issued between Oct 5, 2025 and Oct 5, 2026, covering 19 alleged violation items.
Which part of 1904.31 is cited most?
1904.31(a) was the most-cited paragraph, with 17 items: Employer must record injuries and illnesses of all employees on its payroll.
Which states cite 1904.31 most often?
The most citations under 1904.31 in this period were issued in U.S. Virgin Islands, Virginia, Kentucky.
What is the typical penalty for a 1904.31 violation?
The median initial (proposed) penalty per item was $0; the median current penalty after settlements and amendments was $0. Totals: $8,136 proposed, $5,606 current. Penalties vary by violation type, employer size and history, and State Plans set their own amounts.
Are 1904.31 citations final?
Not necessarily. A citation is an allegation until it becomes a final order. 0% of these items were contested, and many others were changed in settlements. Each listing shows its current status and a link to the official record.